Hip Hop & Crisis in African American Commnity Research Paper

Hip Hop & Crisis in Afri cornerstone American Commnity - Research Paper ExampleIts story is at once imbedded in time/history, geography, culture, technology, industry, politics, and aesthetic frames. In its short history from the mid 1970s to present, numerous critical, socio-cultural, and empirical studies rich person sought to dissect and formulate a behavior its reality. However, this paper attempts to review the literature through historical perspectives. Body Hip-hop was born come to the fore of a number of social, political, and artistic occurrences. George (1998) starts hip-hops story at the end of the 1960s, a period of hopes for total racial integration-Martin Luther Kings dream. However, as the 1970s progressed, the reality of inequalities was reiterated. In terms of what was reflected in art, the expression of the people, most obvious and expeditious with the symphony, segregation continued. Rock and roll was predominantly for White artists and audiences, whereas rhyt hm and blues was African-American (Kitwana, 2006). In the 1970s, boodle from the rock music revolution helped to create, develop, and further consolidate a corporate musical industry that was bear witness by mergers such as Warner-Reprise, Elektra-Asylum, and Atlantic. These corporations recognized the potential profits available from the Black performers who could access not only the Black community, but also cross-over to White teens. The major record labels created Black music divisions, supporting(a) commercial-cultural crossover. This potential for broad audience access is one reason that disco came into being in the 1970s. As with many popular music forms of the era, it had African American roots. Scholars and those in the musical recording industry have consistently argued about the influential nature of Black culture and music, and evidence exists to support its apparent relationship to White, or mainstream music and culture. Garofalo (1993) posits the links amid genres, and notes that the history of popular music in America can be described in terms of Black innovation and popularization (p. 57). Disco was an example, coming as it did at the end of the civil rights/Black power era, it was at once an accumulation of African-American and American popular music experience. The musical genre was short for discotheque, a place where people could go to dance, drink, and get wind to this form of music. George (1998) and Werner (1999) note the rise of disco from the underground clubs of New York and Los Angeles, during the mid to late 1970s, that paved the way for initial elements of break dancing and future samples for rap. Werner (1999) notes discos musical roots in Black dance music (p. 205). Disco was at first high-quality Black dance music, with Kenny Gamble and Leon Huffs elegantly funky Philly Sound productions and the extravagant sounds surrounding Barry Whites bass voice the artistic benchmarks (George, 1998, p. 7). Whereas the club provided th e place and the music industry provided the means for increase musical crossing over, the advent of synthesizer allowed for the ability to manipulate prerecorded sound for smoother transitions between songs. This inaugurated the cult of the club OJ who did the mixing. As disco became mainstream around 1975, it lost much of its freshness and was further stigmatized by an association with the gay rights movement (Werner, 1999, p. 205). To chants of Disco sucks